Not medical advice
Content on this website, including HEER Evidence briefs, research explainers and blog posts, is for general education only. It does not replace advice, diagnosis or treatment from a qualified health professional. If you are worried about your health or someone else's, speak to a health provider.
Preprints and research summaries
Some briefs summarise preprints, which have not been peer reviewed. We label the evidence status of each piece. Findings may change as research develops, and results from one country or setting may not apply elsewhere.
Accuracy
We take care to be accurate and to cite our sources, but we cannot guarantee that every statement is complete or current. If you find an error, tell us at info@heerafrica.org and we will review it.
External links
We link to third-party websites for reference. We do not control them and are not responsible for their content.
Views of researchers
Where a piece reflects the work of a named researcher, the underlying research belongs to that researcher and does not necessarily represent the views of HEER Africa.
Last updated: October 17, 2026